What’s inside a typical vacuum cleaner?
Answer, a big fan driven by a big motor.
Video of the fan/motor assembly,
For more epic teardowns, where they actually explain what you are looking at and how it works, checkout awesome YouTube channels like EEVBlog and Mike’s Electric Stuff. They take apart and sometimes repair epic things like flight recorders, defibrillators, X-Ray machines, POS pin pads, photocopiers, and phonebooths.